Confined Space Entry
Permit-required procedures for wet wells, tanks, and below-grade vaults.
A confined space has limited entry/exit, is not designed for continuous occupancy, and may have hazardous atmosphere risk — wet wells, digesters, and below-grade vaults all qualify.
Permit-required entry needs atmospheric testing (oxygen, LEL, H2S, CO) before and during entry, a trained attendant stationed outside, and rescue equipment on standby.
Oxygen levels must read 19.5–23.5% before entry is considered safe — both low-oxygen and oxygen-enriched atmospheres are dangerous for different reasons.
Never attempt an unplanned rescue of a downed coworker without proper equipment. Confined space fatalities disproportionately include untrained rescuers.
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