Inflow & Infiltration (I&I) Reduction
Finding and fixing the sources of clean water that quietly consume treatment capacity during storms.
Downloadable Template
I&I Investigation Field Form
A ready-to-print, fill-in-the-blank form — print it, complete it on site, and keep a signed copy for your records.
Distinguishing Inflow from Infiltration
Inflow enters directly and quickly during rain; infiltration seeps in slowly through pipe defects.
Flow Monitoring & Sewer System Evaluation Surveys (SSES)
Temporary flow meters placed strategically to isolate which sub-basins are contributing the most I&I.
Smoke Testing & Dye Testing
Low-cost field methods for spotting illegal connections and defective service laterals.
Private Lateral I&I Programs
A significant share of I&I often originates on the private side of the sewer connection, not the public main.
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